Developing an Updated and Educational Key for Sphaeriidae Clams of the Great Lakes Region

Session: Poster Session

Adam Frankiewicz, University of Minnesota Duluth/ WRS Master Program, [email protected]
Valerie Brady, Natural Resource Research Inst., University of Minnesota Duluth, [email protected]
John Pastor, University of Minnesota Duluth, [email protected]

Abstract

Sphaeriidae, commonly called fingernail, pea or pill clams, are the smallest freshwater bivalves in North America with adult shells between 2 – 25 long. Thirty-five of the 38 known species in North America are found in the Great Lake Region. Despite this rich diversity, their biological and ecological roles are poorly understood, in part because of the difficulty that even skilled taxonomists have in identifying them even to genus. Current keys are few and outdated, contain conflicting information, lack adequate instructional illustrations, or are intended for the use of expert taxonomists with mollusk experience. We will create an updated key that is accessible and educational for identifiers of various skill levels. This key will incorporate current research, DNA comparisons among species, improved photographs and illustrations, and 3D illustrations. To date 1652 specimens have been collected from 120 sites across southern and western Lake Superior, central and northern Lake Michigan, and western Lake Huron. Identifications will be verified by Sphaeriidae expert Dr. Gerald Mackie. In addition, 210 specimens have been sent to Dr. Andrew Mahon of Central Michigan University for DNA barcoding. The DNA data will be used to ensure the taxonomy based on physical features agrees with that based on