Feasibility of Great Lakes CORS Sites as GNSS-R Water Level sensors to Support IGLD Maintenance

Session: A Possible New Paradigm to Improve the International Great Lakes Datum and Its Maintenance (2)

Xiaobin Cai, Division of Geodetic Science, School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University , [email protected]
C K Shum, Dvision of Geodetic Science, School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, [email protected]
Dana Caccamise, NOAA's NGS, [email protected]
Kuo Chungyen, Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, [email protected]
Yuanyuan Jia, The Ohio State University, [email protected]
Junyi Guo, Division of Geodetic Science, School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, [email protected]
Nicole Kinsman, NOAA/NOS/National Geodetic Survey, [email protected]

Abstract

NOAA's CO-OPS, NWLON and DFO-CHS provide real-time water level measurements. NGS and NRCan operates at total of 21 Continuously Operating Reference System (CORS) and Canadian Active Control System (CACs) geodetic quality GPS or GNSS stations, observe 3D velocities of the benchmarks referenced to these GNSS sites. Both instrumentations along with the North American/Pacific Geopotential Datum of 2022 (NAPGD2022), and the GEOID2020, will be used to establish the new International Great Lakes Datum (IGLD) but using dynamic heights.  We postulate that the routine vertical control or linking of the water level with GNSS would be more efficient if there is an adequate network of GNSS sites around the Great Lakes, with receivers/antennae capable of retrieving water level measurements using the Lomb–Scargle Periodogram (LSP) methods based on GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) data. Here we will assess the number of current CORS and CACs sites potentially capable of achieving GNSS-R water level around the Great Lakes, and describe the data processing of the GNSS-R water level sensors, each with a >15 years of data records, compared with NWLON water level gauge records, with the goal to propose an efficient vertical control technology to support the maintenance of the IGLD.